How should material from a course pack be cited?

Since course packs may be cited more than one way, students should ask their instructors what to do, and instructors should indicate their preferred citation… Read More

How do I cite the question-and-answer portion of a conference session?

Use your discussion of the event to refer to the question-and-answer portion: At the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival in January 2018, I had the opportunity… Read More

If I have edited an image for publication, how do I cite it?

Indicate in your caption that you have edited the image. For works that will be published, ensure that you have been granted the rights to do… Read More

How do I cite a conversation in a chat tool?

If you generally discuss a conversation in a chat tool, you can refer to the conversation in your prose or in an endnote without creating… Read More

What should I do if the web source I am citing does not list a publication date?

If the web source you are citing does not list a publication date, omit the “Publication date” element from your entry. You may, however, wish… Read More

How do I cite a critical essay published in the same volume as a literary text–for example, an essay in a Norton Critical Edition?

To cite a critical essay published in the same volume as a literary work, follow the MLA format template. List the author of the essay,… Read More

How do I cite an abstract?

Very few circumstances call for citing an abstract. Never cite an abstract as a short-cut, a way of avoiding reading and citing the full published… Read More

If I am listing the name of a government agency as publisher, should I separate out the name of the government?

No. The rules for government agencies as described in the MLA Handbook (2.1.3) do not apply to the “Publisher” slot. List the publisher’s name (i.e., the government… Read More

How do I quote lyrics from a duet in which the performers take turns singing?

How you quote lyrics from a duet depends on how you accessed them and how many lines you are borrowing. If you quote lyrics from… Read More

How do I cite an infographic?

To cite an infographic, follow the MLA format template.  If the infographic does not have an official title, provide a description of it. If you… Read More