How do I indicate that I prepared the figures included in my paper?

Unless otherwise indicated, the reader should assume that you are the author of the figures in your paper. Provide a label (e.g., “Fig. 1”) and… Read More

How do I cite unpublished and published meeting minutes in MLA style?

To cite unpublished meeting minutes, follow the MLA format template. List the title or, if no title is given, provide a description in place of… Read More

How do I cite an interview conducted through Facebook Messenger?

To cite an interview conducted through a messaging app such as Facebook Messenger, follow our guidelines for citing an interview conducted by e-mail. In the “Title of… Read More

How do I cite an oral history interview republished in a reader or textbook?

To cite an oral history interview republished in a reader or textbook, treat the textbook as your source, since that is where you found the… Read More

The citation tool at our library does not follow the MLA’s guidelines for capitalizing titles. What should we do?

Many citation tools generate entries that do not accord with MLA style, so writers are advised to use caution when using these tools and to… Read More

How do I indicate that I am citing an album in 33 rpm format?

List album formats, if needed, in the optional-element slot at the end of your works-cited-list entry: Sinatra, Frank. The Voice: Columbia Years, 1943-1952. Columbia Records, 1986. Read More

How do I cite a work with disputed authorship?

If a pseudonym is listed on the work, you may refer to the author in your prose by the pseudonym: The title page of the… Read More

What should I do if a website lists “History.com Editors” as the author of an article on the site?

It is not wrong to list the author exactly as it appears in the source. Thus, you may list “History.com Editors” in the “Author” slot… Read More

Should an ISBN be listed in a works-cited-list entry in MLA style?

An ISBN, or International Standard Book Number, is a unique numeric identifier that is used by publishers, libraries, booksellers, and other retailers in the marketing… Read More

How do I cite an early-access article, and how do I cite it when it is later published?

An early-access article—also called an article published before print or an article published ahead of print, among other names—is an article that is slated for inclusion… Read More