How do I cite material posted on a social media platform like Instagram?

Below are examples of citations for various types of works posted on Instagram. For explanations, see our post on citing social media. Post Michael Chabon… Read More

How do I cite material posted on a social media platform like Facebook?

Below are examples of how to cite material posted on Facebook. For explanations, see our post on citing social media. Post1 On Facebook the World Wildlife Fund announced… Read More

Should I include a hashtag when I quote or cite a tweet?

Yes. Since hashtags are used for a variety of reasons in tweets—to categorize the tweet, to communicate with a group, to convey humor, and so… Read More

How do I cite a deleted tweet if I have a screenshot of the tweet?

Use the information you captured in your screenshot to cite the tweet as it existed at the time the screenshot was taken. In your prose… Read More

If a tweet contains an emoji, should I include the emoji when I use the text of the tweet as a title?

Emojis do not need to be included in the titles of tweets. If the emoji is important to the meaning of the tweet, you should… Read More

How do I cite an interview conducted through Facebook Messenger?

To cite an interview conducted through a messaging app such as Facebook Messenger, follow our guidelines for citing an interview conducted by e-mail. In the “Title of… Read More

How do I cite the keynote from a Twitter conference?

Since a Twitter conference keynote will likely span several tweets, cite it the way you would cite a Twitter thread. Follow the MLA format template. List… Read More

How do I cite a Twitter thread or conversation in my text and in my works-cited list?

A thread is a series of separately written but related tweets that are given a single URL. If you’re discussing the thread as a whole… Read More

How do I cite a meme?

Here we refer to meme in its sense as “an amusing or interesting item (such as a captioned picture or video) or genre of items… Read More

How do I alphabetize tweets in my works-cited-list?

Ignore symbols when alphabetizing. Thus, to alphabetize tweets in a works-cited list, ignore the @ and start with the first letter of the username: Works Cited @humcommons. Read More