How do I cite page numbers in a work I accessed using a screen reader?

When citing paginated works accessed through digital technology, including screen readers, cite stable page numbers if they are provided. If the work uses a numbering… Read More

Should I use roman or arabic numerals to paginate the front matter in my dissertation?

Although publishers paginate front matter using roman numerals, your dissertation need not use them unless they are required by your institution’s guidelines for formatting dissertations. Read More

How do I cite a note in an e-book?

To cite a note in a work that does not have page numbers, indicate the chapter or other division where the note occurs, if applicable,… Read More

How do I cite an unnumbered page in a paginated document?

If you need to cite an unnumbered page in a paginated document, describe the cited page in your prose. Read More

How do I create an in-text citation for a paginated, unpublished work?

Create an in-text citation for a paginated, unpublished work in the same way that you would cite any work with explicit page numbers. As the MLA… Read More

Should I insert “page 1” at the top of a one-page assignment?

Listing a page number for a one-page assignment is likely not necessary, but you should check with your instructor about pagination and other formatting matters. Read More

If I list both a page range and a DOI as locations, what punctuation do I use between them?

Insert a comma between the page range and DOI. For an example, see our post on citing a paginated journal that appears online. Read More

If a phrase is repeated throughout a work, what page number should I use when discussing the phrase?

When citing a phrase that appears more than once in a work, give the page number of the first instance in the parenthetical reference: B. Read More

Why does the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook include abbreviations before volume, issue, and page numbers?

The eighth edition of the MLA Handbook aims to make the style accessible to all instead of creating an insider’s code. Thus, it eliminates some of… Read More

I’m citing an online article that lacks page numbers. The database containing it provides the page range for the original print version. Do I include the page numbers in my entry?

Yes. Databases house digital copies of works and supply the publication information for the version of those works that have been digitized, usually in PDF… Read More