How do I quote dialogue in a film or TV show?

To quote dialogue in a film or TV show, follow the MLA guidelines for drama, interviews, and other written sources representing dialogue with speakers’ names:… Read More

How do I cite page numbers in a work I accessed using a screen reader?

When citing paginated works accessed through digital technology, including screen readers, cite stable page numbers if they are provided. If the work uses a numbering… Read More

When do I capitalize the first letter of a quotation?

Whether you capitalize the first letter of a quotation depends on how the quotation fits into your sentence. Capitalize the first letter of a quotation,… Read More

How do I cite quotations from different pages of a work?

This post explains how to cite quotations from different pages of a work. Read More

How do I cite one person’s testimony in a congressional hearing?

Your source for congressional testimony may be a transcript, audio recording, or video recording of all or part of a hearing. Style each source using… Read More

In a quotation from a play, how do I show that material has been omitted?

The answer depends on the nature of the quotation. If you quote dialogue from more than one speaker in a play, set the material as… Read More

When altering a quotation in a language other than English, should the alteration be in the language of the quotation?

Yes: use the language of the quotation, rather than the language of the surrounding prose, to make necessary alterations to quoted material. The following example… Read More

How do I alter a quotation using square brackets if the quotation already contains bracketed words?

If a quotation already contains bracketed text, avoid adding your own bracketed text, since multiple sets of brackets may be confusing for the reader. However,… Read More

How do I cite a commentator’s handwritten notes on a work?

Cite a commentator’s handwritten notes by citing the unique copy of the work where they appear. Often, that unique copy will be an object in… Read More

Should I reproduce a quotation in all caps in my essay?

In general, yes, you should reproduce quotations as they appear in the source. If a quotation appears in all caps in your source, most of… Read More