How do I cite a photograph found on a website in the text and in my works-cited list?

Cite a photograph found on a website the same way you would cite any work of art found online. See our post on citing images… Read More

Where do I place an exclamation point or a question mark in relation to a parenthetical reference for a paraphrase?

You should place an exclamation point or a question mark after the parenthetical reference for a paraphrase: Why did Karl Marx say that a commodity is… Read More

If I am referring to two sources that make the same point, how do I make my citations clear?

If you directly cite two sources that make the same point, you must make clear to your reader the source of each quotation.  Johnson argues that “mint chip ice… Read More

In-text citations in MLA style involve authors, titles, and page numbers. Can I also include the date of a work?

In MLA style, you must key works you discuss to the works-cited list. You may do so by mentioning the author in the text or in a… Read More

How do I cite from a play that has both verse and prose sections?

Citing from a play that has both verse and prose sections—whether the play is William Shakespeare’s Macbeth or August Wilson’s Fences—is no different from citing… Read More

How do I create an in-text citation for an image?

The in-text citation for any work should key to a works-cited-list entry. For examples, see our post on citing an image reproduced in a book. Read More

How do I cite clip art from a computer program like PowerPoint?

If you discuss clip art from PowerPoint or another software program in your paper and need to create a works-cited-list entry for it, provide a… Read More

If a quotation starts on one page and continues on a consecutive page or pages, should the in-text citation include the span or just the page on which the quote began?

Include the page span in your in-text citation: (62–63) (Jones 137–38) See the MLA Handbook, section 2.5.1, for how to style nonconsecutive page ranges. Read More

Do I introduce an author’s full name and the full title of a work in each chapter of a book or dissertation?

It depends on the focus of your work. In a dissertation on a single author or title—say, Gabriel Marcel’s Being and Having: An Existentialist Diary—it… Read More

How do I cite a numbered footnote?

Cite a numbered footnote or endnote in a parenthetical citation thus: Edward Wallis, the editor, notes that the poet used this technique for the first… Read More