The slash is rarely necessary in formal prose. It mainly appears when two terms are paired as opposites or alternatives and used together as a noun:

The writer discussed how fundamental oppositions like good/evil or East/West affect the way cultures view historical events.

When two terms paired as opposites precede and modify a noun, use a hyphen:

nature-nurture conflict
East-West relations

In other cases, you can rewrite to avoid a slash. For example, you can replace the slash in “political/economic factors” with and or or, depending on the intended sense:

 political or economic factors

or

political and economic factors

You can rewrite “political and/or economic factors” as follows:

factors that are political or economic or both