How do I cite an image from a slide presentation on the web or from a lecture I attend?

Cite an image from a slide presentation on the web the same way you would cite an image on a web page. Indicate the slide… Read More

How do I distinguish between different dictionary entries for the same term in my in-text citation?

To distinguish between different dictionary entries for the same term, follow the principle in our previous post on distinguishing between works with the same title:… Read More

Do I need to use quotation marks around numerical data that I quote from sources?

No. For an example, see our post on citing raw data. Read More

How do I cite a work accessed through Wayback Machine?

Wayback Machine is an archive of websites that lives on the Internet Archive’s site, so you would treat the Internet Archive as the container of… Read More

How do I cite the question-and-answer portion of a conference session?

Use your discussion of the event to refer to the question-and-answer portion: At the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival in January 2018, I had the opportunity… Read More

How do I cite a book for which no organization is named as the publisher?

As noted on page 42 of the MLA Handbook, if the book is published by its author or editor, omit the publisher’s name from the… Read More

How Do I Know If I’ve Used Due to Correctly?

by Barney Latimer

"Due to," meaning “attributable to,” modifies noun phrases, not verb clauses. Read More

I am citing two editions of the same novel. How do I order the entries in the list of works cited, and how do I distinguish the editions in the in-text citation?

Order the entries by the most important unique piece of identifying information. This is usually the date. You can list entries either in chronological order… Read More

If I am discussing two authors with the same last name, do I always need to provide the first name when I refer to the authors in my prose?

If you discuss two authors who have the same last name, provide both the first and last names at first mention. Thereafter, provide both the… Read More

How do I make clear that a paraphrase is on the same page as a quotation I’ve given in the previous sentence?

The MLA Handbook (3.5) provides techniques for making citations more concise when a source is used more than once in succession. But it notes that you should… Read More