I am citing a paginated journal article that appears online. Should I include the page range, the URL, or the DOI as the location element in the works-cited-list entry?

The location of an online work is typically indicated by a URL or DOI, one of which should be included. If the work is paginated… Read More

Is it acceptable to list both a DOI and a URL in the same works-cited-list entry if one leads to a chapter and the other to the book as a whole?

No. If you are citing a chapter of a book from a novel or monograph, create an entry for the book as a whole and list… Read More

If I want to include a DOI for a book chapter in my works-cited-list entry, where should I insert it?

If you are citing a chapter of a book from a novel or monograph, create an entry for the book as a whole and list the… Read More

How do I cite a PDF of a journal article downloaded directly from Google Scholar?

When you cite the PDF of an article found by searching Google Scholar, you should always cite the platform of publication for the article. When Google Scholar… Read More

How do I cite an early-access article, and how do I cite it when it is later published?

An early-access article—also called an article published before print or an article published ahead of print, among other names—is an article that is slated for inclusion… Read More

How do I cite a syllabus?

To cite a syllabus, follow the MLA format template. Start by providing the name of the instructor as the author and then a description of the syllabus… Read More

If I list both a page range and a DOI as locations, what punctuation do I use between them?

Insert a comma between the page range and DOI. For an example, see our post on citing a paginated journal that appears online. Read More

How Audio Feedback Can Help Students Understand Grammatical and Mechanical Errors

by Andrew J. Cavanaugh

Learn how audio feedback can help students improve their grammar Read More

Should URLs be linked in works-cited-list entries?

Whether to link a URL, DOI, or permalink in a works-cited-list entry for a work published or submitted in digital format is optional. The MLA… Read More

How do I cite in my prose an untitled poem known by its number in a collection?

If you are citing an untitled poem known only by its number, a generic description of the poem can be substituted for the title in… Read More